Structural classification of refrigerants

* Service refrigerants contain HCFC as blend component. They are therefore subject to the same legal regulations as R22 (R22 as transitional refrigerant). As a result of the continued refurbishment of older installations, the importance of these refrigerants is clearly on the decline. For some of them, production has already been discontinued. However, because of the development history of service blends, these refrigerants will continue to be covered in this Report.

HFC refrigerants

Former
Refrigerants		Alternatives
ASHRAE
Classification		Trade NameComposition
(with blends)		Detailed
Information
R12
(R500)		R134a-R134a as substitute for R12 and R22
R152a①-R152a – an alternative to R134a (?)
R437A④ISCEON® MO49 PlusChemoursR125/134a/600/
601		Service blends as substitutes for R12 (R500)
R22/R502R404AvariousR143a/125/
134a		R404A and R507A as substitutes for R22 and R502
R507AvariousR143a/125
R422AISCEON® MO79ChemoursR143a/125/
600a		R422A as substitute for R22 and R502
R22R407AKoura (Mexichem),
Arkema		R32/125/134aR407A/407B/407F/407H as substitutes for R22 and R502
R407CvariousR32/125/134aR407C as substitute for R22
R407FGenetron® Performax LTHoneywellR32/125/134aR407A/407B/407F/407H as substitutes for R22 and R502
R407H-Daikin ChemicalR32/125/134aR407A/407B/407F/407H as substitutes for R22 and R502
R410AvariousR32/125R410A as substitute for R22
R417AISCEON® MO59ChemoursR125/134a/600R417A/417B/422D/438A as substitutes for R22
R417B-Daikin ChemicalR125/134a/600
R422DISCEON® MO29ChemoursR125/134a/600a
R427AForane® 427AArkemaR32/125/143a/
134a		R427A as a substitute for R22
R438AISCEON® MO99ChemoursR32/125/134a/
600/601a		R417A/417B/422D/438A as substitutes for R22
R114
R12B1		R236fa--Alternatives for R114 and R12B1
R227ea--
R13B1R410AvariousR32/125Alternatives for R13B1
R13
R503		R23--Alternatives for R13 and R503
R508AKLEA® 508AKoura (Mexichem)R23/116
R508BSuva® 95Chemours⑤R23/116

Substitutes for CFC and HCFC refrigerants (chlorine free HFCs) (status as of 09.2020)


For further information: Refrigerant Properties and Application ranges.
① Flammable
④ Service refrigerant with zero ODP

 

HFO and HFO/HFC Blends

Current
Refrigerants		Alternatives
ASHRAE
Classification		Trade NameComposition
(with blends)		Detailed
Information
R134aR1234yf①various-“Low GWP” HFOs and HFO/HFC blends as alternatives to HFCs
R1234ze(E)①various-
R450ASolstice® N-13HoneywellR1234ze(E)/
134a
R456AAC5X③Koura (Mexichem)R32/1234ze(E)/134a
R513AOpteonTM XP10
R513		Chemours
Daikin Chemical		R1234yf/134a
R516AARM-42④ArkemaR1234yf/152a/
134a
R404A/R507A②
(R22/R407C②)		R448ASolstice® N-40HoneywellR32/125/1234yf/
1234ze(E)/134a		“Low GWP” HFOs and HFO/HFC blends as alternatives to HFCs
R449AOpteonTM XP40
Forane® 449		Chemours
Arkema		R32/125/1234yf/
134a
R449COpteonTM XP20Chemours
R410AR32①various-“Low GWP” HFOs and HFO/HFC blends as alternatives to HFCs
R452B①OpteonTM XL55
Solstice® L-41y		Chemours
Honeywell		R32/125/
1234yf
R454B①OpteonTM XL41ChemoursR32/1234yf

“Low GWP” refrigerants and blends (status as of 09.2020)


① Flammable
② Due to the large number of different HFO/HFC blends and the potential changes in development products, the above list contains as alternatives for R134a and R404A/R507A only non-flammable blends of GWP approx. 600 (R134a) and GWP < 1500 (R404A/R507A).
For an extensive discussion of HFO/HFC blends: "Low GWP" HFOs and HFO/HFC blends as alternatives to HFCs. Further alternatives are also dealt with.

 

Halogen free (natural) refrigerants

Current
Refrigerants		Alternatives
ASHRAE
Classification		Trade
Name		FormulaDetailed
Information
R134aR290/600a①-C3H8/C4H10R290 (Propane) as alternative refrigerant
R600a①③-C4H10
R404A
R507A
R22		R717①②-NH3NH₃ (Ammonia) as alternative refrigerant
R723①②-NH3 +
R-E170		R723 (NH₃/DME) as an alternative to NH₃
R290①-C3H8R290 (Propane) as alternative refrigerant
R1270①-C3H6Propylene (R1270) as an alternative to Propane
R124R600a①-C4H10R124 and R142b as substitutes for R114 and R12B1
R410Ano direct alternatives available
R23R170①-C2H6Alternatives for R13 and R503
VariousR744③-CO2Carbon dioxide R744 (CO₂) as an alternative refrigerant and secondary fluid

Alternatives for HCFC and HFC refrigerants (halogen free refrigerants) (status as of 09.2020)


For further information: Refrigerant Properties and Application ranges.
① Flammable
② Toxic
③ Large deviation in refrigerating capacity and pressures to the previous refrigerant